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Mierle Laderman Ukeles
Mierle Laderman Ukeles (born 1939, Denver, Colorado) is a New York City-based artist known for her feminist and service-oriented artwork.〔
==Biography==
As an undergraduate, Ukeles studied history and international studies at Barnard College and later began her artistic training at the Pratt Institute in New York.
In 1969 she wrote a manifesto entitled ''Maintenance Art Manifesto 1969! Proposal for an exhibition "CARE"'', challenging the domestic role of women and proclaiming herself a "maintenance artist". Aside from "personal" or household maintenance, the manifesto also addressed "general" or public maintenance and earth maintenance, such as addressing polluted waters. Her exhibitions were intended to bring awareness to the low cultural status of maintenance work, generally paying either minimum wage or no payments for housewives.〔( "Maintenance Art Manifesto 1969 )." Feldman Gallery. Retrieved on 2014-02-02.〕 Maintenance, for Ukeles, includes the household activities that keep things going, such as cooking, cleaning and child-rearing -〔Jon Bird, Michael Newman, ''Rewriting Conceptual Art'', Reaktion Books, 1999, p114-5. ISBN 1-86189-052-4〕 and during her exhibitions, she performed the same tasks that she would perform in her daily life, including entertaining guests.〔
Several of her performances in the 1970s involved the maintenance of art spaces, including the Wadsworth Atheneum. Since 1977 she has been the Artist in Residence (unsalaried) of the New York City Department of Sanitation.〔(Trash Talk: The Department of Sanitation’s Artist in Residence Is a Real Survivor | Gallerist ). Galleristny.com. Retrieved on 2014-02-02.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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